Moreover, moderate and severe food insecurity levels have also affected almost 9% of the population in Europe and North America (Carrillo-Álvarez et al., 20, 2021). Indeed, the right to food was recognized as a fundamental human right by the UN Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 thus linking poverty with health and social outcomes.įood poverty and food insecurity may appear to refer exclusively to developing countries, but in actual fact it is a phenomenon that was also present in developed and affluent countries (Hossain et al., 2021 Zaçe et al., 2021) including Europe (Beacom et al., 2020a Penne & Goedemé, 2021) and more generally OECD countries (Boarini & Mira d’Ercole, 2006), even before the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic.Īccording to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), over the last two years food insecurity has risen significantly since 750 million people (9.7%) have been exposed to severe levels of food insecurity and more than 2 billion people do not have regular access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food. The ability of households or individuals to access basic needs and especially food is one of the most important aspects of poverty for assessing and evaluating inequalities. SDG 2 foresees the reduction of food insecurity by reducing chronic hunger-defined as situation that exists when people lack access to sufficient amounts of nutritious food for an active and healthy life as measured by the Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU), in accordance with SDG Indicator 2.1.1. In 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations (UN) have served as a call to action for world nations to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure economic, social and environmental sustainability by 2030. Reducing poverty and related economic and multidimensional inequalities among and within countries has captured international attention for several years, which has recently become stronger due to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in both developing and developed countries (Bidisha et al., 2021 Pereira & Oliveira, 2020). All these issues could help policy makers to define economic intervention policies aimed at reducing social exclusion and achieving more equitable and sustainable living conditions for the entire population. Furthermore, the at-risk-of-food-poverty-rate varies at regional level from 14.6% (Umbria) to 29.6% (Abruzzo), with high levels of food consumption inequalities observed above all for vegetables, meat and fish. Indeed, in Italy individuals who are at-risk-of-food-poverty or food insecure amount to 22.3% of the entire population. The results provided us with information on other important aspects of the poverty. Moreover, to obtain insights into whether food poverty and insecurity can afford population healthy nutrition, inequality of the distributions of food expenditure categories are estimated. Using micro-data from the Italian Household Budget Survey carried out by ISTAT, an analytical approach was proposed to define and measure the different degree of food poverty and insecurity. This paper aims to analyse food poverty and insecurity at regional level in Italy. On considering the multifaceted nature of poverty, a recent research strand focuses on food poverty and insecurity issues in terms of economic access to food and healthy diet consumption, with moderate and extreme food insecurity affecting almost 9% of the population in Europe and North America. Moreover, the COVID19 pandemic has exacerbated inequalities at national and sub-national levels thus hampering the achievement of these goals. The UN Sustainable Development Goals have set clear targets on global poverty, hunger and malnutrition to be achieved by 2030, which have prompted academics and policymakers to identify useful strategies and drivers.
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